Deep varicose veins are a very unpleasant and rather dangerous lesion of the venous vessels of the circulatory system.
Deep vein varicose veins of the lower extremities is a pathology that spreads to the vessels passing in the muscle structures of the legs. Elongation and expansion of venous vessels significantly impairs blood flow and becomes the cause of the onset and progression of thrombosis.
The danger of this disease lies in the emergence of a high probability of detachment of a thrombus formed on the vessel wall and its transport to the pulmonary artery.
When this disease occurs, an irreversible process of lengthening and expansion of venous vessels occurs. With the progression of the process, a thinning of the venous wall is observed and the formation of nodes occurs that impede the free transport of blood through the vessels.
Most often people aged 30-40 years and older are susceptible to this disease.
The causes of the appearance and development of the disease can be a variety of adverse factors. Varicose veins are the result of a serious disturbance in the blood circulation in a specific area of the lower extremities.
With the development of the disease in the patient, trophic ulcers may appear in the place of disturbance of the circulatory processes, which can provoke the appearance of gangrene - a condition that requires amputation of the affected part of the limb.
In addition, VRV can provoke deformation of the muscles of the lower extremities, and the formation of a blood clot with its possible subsequent separation and transportation to the pulmonary artery can lead to death.
The main factors contributing to the appearance of the disorder and its progression are the following:
Additionally, the causes of the disease may be:
In addition, cellulite can become the cause of the development of pathology.
Timely detection of the disease allows a visit to a qualified phlebolg at the first suspicion of the appearance of the disease.
Most often, at the initial stage of progression, the disease is manifested by the appearance of a feeling of slight fatigue in the legs after a prolonged static load or after taking a long walk. In addition, during this period, small swelling of the tissues of the limbs appears.
The most common symptoms of the disorder appear at the end of daylight hours and gradually disappear with a long rest. When these signs appear, it is necessary to consult a phlebologist and conduct special studies in order to identify and clarify the presence of pathology.
The use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows us to identify the degree of development of the disease and make a decision on the use of a timely and adequate course of treatment of the disease. With the further progression of the disease, it passes into more advanced stages, characterized by the appearance of a whole spectrum of symptoms and signs characteristic of a progressive disease.
For advanced stages of pathology, the following symptoms are characteristic:
Further progression of the disease leads to the appearance of small wounds that can not heal for a long time and subsequently transform into trophic ulcers.
In the absence of adequate and timely treatment, the development of the disease for the patient can be fatal. The progression of varicose veins leads to a gradual deformation of muscle structures and the appearance of negative changes in the skin and bone mass.
With prolonged progression, the patient develops signs of eczema and forms trophic ulcers that can turn into gangrene. Which leads to sepsis or death.
In the venous vessels affected by varicose veins, the process of thrombus formation develops. As a result of this process, the formed thrombus is able to break off and be transported through the circulatory system.
When a blood clot enters the pulmonary artery, it becomes blocked and a person dies.
An experienced phlebologist can determine the presence of varicose veins of the lower extremities by characteristic symptoms that are clearly visible even in the photo of the legs, but the methods of treating the disease are selected individually after a detailed examination of the patient and taking into account all the individual characteristics of his body.
Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are used to identify the presence and stage of development of the disease. Laboratory methods include a general analysis of blood and urine.
The most common method of instrumental diagnostics is the use of ultrasound examination of the venous vessels of the legs. This technique allows you to visualize the vascular system and identify the degree of progress of the pathological process.
In addition, if necessary, the attending physician prescribes the following:
The use of venous occlusive plethysmography makes it possible to reveal the volume of blood in the veins of the lower extremities.
Only after a comprehensive examination and obtaining the results, the patient is assigned an appropriate course of treatment.
Modern medicine offers several treatment options for the disease - medication, non-medication and surgical.
In parallel with this, after consultation with the attending physician, you can use the methods of non-traditional and alternative treatment at home.
Surgical intervention is the most reliable way to treat the disease. The use of drug therapy in the form of tablets, special ointments and gels for external use can play a complementary role and is, in fact, supportive therapy.
The use of drug therapy involves the use of several types of medications during treatment - anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, venotonic and fibrinolytic action
Anticoagulants thin the blood and prevent blood clots from forming. Anti-inflammatory drugs contribute to the relief of inflammatory processes in the walls of the venous vessels. Venotonics allow you to increase the tone of the walls of the veins, and fibrinolytics help dissolve small clots and help cleanse the venous bed.
Thanks to the use of medications, most often the disappearance of such a manifestation of the disease as edema, in addition to this, an improvement in the condition of the superficial skin is observed. The main condition for the use of medicines is strict adherence to the doctor's recommendations and compliance with the dosages of the drugs taken.
For a complete cure of varicose veins, it is recommended to carry out surgery.
In addition, surgical methods are used in the absence of positive dynamics during drug therapy.
The most common methods of surgical treatment of pathology are:
Sclerotherapy involves the use of special substances during the procedure - sclerosants, injected into the lumen of the affected vein and leading to the adhesion of the vessel walls. This procedure allows you to remove the venous vessel from the circulatory system, which prevents the development of pathology. This technique is used very rarely in the case of a severe form of violation.
Phlebectomy consists in removing the affected area of the venous vessel. Most often, this method is used to identify lesions of superficial veins, but in some cases it is applicable in the treatment of deep venous vessels of the extremities.
Laser coagulation is a type of minimally invasive surgical intervention and is carried out using a laser, it allows you to remove the affected area of the vein from the circulatory system by gluing its walls under the action of laser radiation. This method of treatment has received the largest number of positive reviews from patients, due to the fact that it is practically painless and does not require a long recovery period.
The use of surgical methods of treatment allows you to completely get rid of the symptoms characteristic of varicose veins. And the choice of the operation technique depends on the degree of development of the pathology, the individual characteristics of the patient and is carried out by the attending physician.